Reviewing the potential of the Experience Sampling Method (ESM) for capturing second language exposure and use

Frequent language exposure and use are among the most important conditions for successful learning, whether in classrooms, during study abroad, or other informal contexts. Research probing usage often relies on one-off self-report questionnaires which participants estimate their typical level of over extended periods time, long after it occurred. This may negatively affect validity resulting data. article instead explores potential methods used medical psychological research, variably known as Experience Sampling Method (ESM), Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA), diary methods. These combined with electronic mobile survey applications to elicit assessments at frequent, sometimes randomized intervals. We consider possibilities these strengthening research into use, second acquisition more broadly, abroad specifically. The have drastically reduce biases associated summative recall. Additionally, they enable researchers collect richer data about how individuals engage differently contexts do so, thus ultimately contributing our understanding individual differences acquisition.